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Hi there , I,m freshly graduated (in Dec 2k16) and I've done software courses ie: SAP2000,ETABS and AUTOCAD . further more civil3d and 3d max is in progress .. Anyone plz guide me which construction firm is best ( lahore , Islamabad or karachi) for fresh graduates and for polishing my skills ?? how to apply?? what's the procedure? Thank You

interesting discussion!!! but how can we check T i.e the fundamental time period in ETABS?

Assalam o alaikum, For assuring deflection check of flexural members, we compare immediate deflection due to live load with L/180 or L/360. Also we compare total deflection (sum of immediate deflection due live load and long term deflection due to "dead +sustained loads") with L/240 or L/480. These deflections are calculated using corresponding effective moment of inertia "Ie" using equation 9-8 of section 9.5.2.3. To find out immediate deflection due to dead load we find out it using Ie calculated using cracking moment due to dead loads. To find out immediate deflection due to sustained loads we find out it using cracking moment due to sustained loads. To find out immediate deflection due to D+L we find out it using cracking moment due to dead + live loads. But to find out immediate deflection due to live load, we don't find it using cracking moment due to live load. We find out it by the difference of deflection due to dead + live load with the deflection due to dead load only. as shown by following results of manual calculations (Results from example 10.1 of PCA notes of ACI 318) Del.dead = 0.098 in (calculated using Ma due to dead load only and corresponding Ie came out to be 10648 in4 = i.e. Ig because Ma is less than cracking moment) Del.live = 0.0744 (calculated using Ma due to live only and corresponding Ie came out to be 10648 in4 = i.e. Ig because Ma is less than cracking moment) Del.(dead+live) = 0.344 in (calculated using Ma due to dead+live combo and corresponding Ie came out to be 5345 in4 < Ig because Ma is greater than cracking moment) Note that 0.344 is not the simple sum of 0.098(Del.dead) + 0.0744 (Del.live) because here for Del.live, Ie used was based on live only i.e. Ig =10648 in4; for Del.dead, Ie used was based on dead load only i.e. Ig = 10648 in4; and for Del.(dead+live) Ie used was based on (dead+live) load combo i.e. 5345 in4. All three "Ie" are different". My question is, how to cater this in etabs modeling because in etabs it simply super impose deflections due to dead and live for D+L combo which must not be the case. More over, does modifier 0.35 is enough to cater effect of effective moment of inertia? Thanks.

The modifier -0.35- is not meant to be used for calculating deflections of flexural members for gravity loads; It is to be used for calculating lateral deflections of the frame. You can make multiple models on Etabs to perform the calculation. It is better to use excel sheet. I do not perform these calculations on ETABS. Safe is another option to perform these calculations.