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From engineering point of view, it is really very amazing to see a complete city builtup in water ways, in a lagoon. How did they make the foundation system of buildings completely all the time underwater? Really interesting article here is. It also explains some modern challanges to the city i.e. flooding due to raised levels of sea and an inteseting solution to this problem. https://sites.google.com/site/engineeringvenice/

I use etabs version 9.7.4 so i can tell u about importing plan from cad to etabs in this version. Define a layer in CAD for example GRID LAYER. then draw ur whole grid in this cad layer.. after you finish marking grid in cad drawing, save the file as DXF FILE instead of DWG extension. Please note that the insertion units of cad drawing (you can see insertion units by UN command) and in etabs while importing this grid must be same. One u saved drawing as dxf file. open new etabs model, delete existing grid, import file as DXF file, set units before importing the file in drop down manu. Select layer of Grid and import this layer. U will get your grid import. since there are a lot of grids usually in a cad drawing, it is better to shift whole grid before savin as dxf file into a new cad drawing with origin set 0,0,0. Copy grid from old drawing as a block into new drawing in desired layer, open new cad drawing, paste and put insertion coordinates as 0,0,0 Then explode the block and save file as dxf and import this file as said above. More over Perpendicular an inclined grids can be made in etabs but i prefer to go for importing grid because it is less time consuming and easy.

AOA i am facing problems in shear wall design .what are the pier and spandral ?what will be the difference when we assign pier or spandral? without assigning these the shear wall design is incomplete . i am taking about etabsv16 someone have document about shear wall design plz provide it thank you

AFAIK, assigning springs to beams is not required. In additon to what Ayesha has suggested, it might be better to check back from your current (and if possible, also from some other) geotechnical investigator about the usable bearing capacity for raft foundation, because 0.5 TSF bearing capacity appears to be very low value for a sandy soil. IMO, it should be more. So, better get it reviewed. Moreover, increasing the number of columns will not reduce overall load or required area of raft. However, if possible, it might reduce required raft thickness due to punching shear. You may reduce overall raft loading by reducing thickness of raft itself, in the areas where column punching does not affect. This may be done by providing thicker raft in column strips, or in even in the form of thicker pads under the columns only, provided other structural requirements are satisfied. Regards.

This polls concludes that on this forum majority is from NUST :-), other universities are doing very good job in engineering development as well.

You can do any of the following things muneeb. 1) Go further deep to get a better bearing capacity. It would increase the excavation, foundation and project cost. 2) Use deep foundations like piles to support the superstructure load. 3) Increase number of columns so that your load per column gets less and so does force on foundation. 4) Verify loads and manually check load development to make sure that you are not over-estimating any loads. 5) Change roof design so that superstructure load reduces on foundation. Reduce slab thickness if possible or provide a steel truss if that is a possibility instead of concrete slab. 6) Discuss with architect and try to remove masonry walls and partitions and use lightweight equivalents.

WSalaam, It should work. Have a look at this watch and learn to make sure you are following the right steps. Thanks.