nimus

There are three spring values we normally use in 3D structural analysis... kx, ky, and kz (being kz as vertical, and horizontal springs particularly against lateral loads) vertical springs are calculated as discussed above or as per geotechnical report... horizontal springs are calculated as half of vertical spring value Kx = Kz/2 Ky = Kz/2 I don't have any backup literature (for now)... one can dig the internet or consult a geotechnical engineer/company (this is mostly their expertise),... though I designed few structures some 20 years ago in SAP 90 (few structures in FJFC bin Qasim, Rousch power plant, Bestway cement Hattar) and till-to-date they are still standing and operating perfectly please post here... if anyone find some reference to that