Leaderboard

Waqas, First note that development length in indicated case is only the straight length as shown in figure and doesn't include bent portion and secondly this requirement can be fulfilled as follows, 1,you can use greater no of lesser dia bars complying ldh requirement and if beam width is insufficient to accommodate greater no of bars then you can distribute them in effective flange width (ACI 318-11 section 10.6.6). 2. you can multiply ldh by 0.8 if you tie hooked end reinforcing bar with ties parallel or perpendicular to the bar, spaced not greater than 2db (db = hooked bar diametre).(ACI 318-11 figure R12.5.3). 3, You can provide excessive reinforcement and multiply ldh by As req/As prov. 4, You can multiply ldh by 0.7 by maintaining minimum side cover to the longitudinal bar to 2.5".

https://www.aisc.org/content.aspx?id=796

Regarding point # 3, suppose at any support strength requirement shows 3 #6 bars,here to counteract ldh you provide greater area i.e greater bars for ex if you provide 6 # 6 bars then ldh should be multiplied with As-3#6/As-6#6 i.e 0.5. Concept behind this provision is that if at any support say half ldh is available for stressed bars then these bars will develop half of their strength through bonding in concrete and will be able to take stresses till 0.5xFy,if you add up same no of bars with same ldh then they will also bear stresses upto 0.5xFy and as a whole you will get the required resistance Fy.

Asad, You may find this thread useful too. http://www.sepakistan.com/topic/1444-amplification-of-forces-in-etabs/ Thanks.

Dear AbdurRasheed, Regarding this, i want to say you. Some go in design, some go in field, some go for higher study etc etc. But i believe no one is in loss ultimately. What thing matters is YOUR INTEREST. If you have interest in Designing, you should go for it. At start you may get less salary. But when you will become experienced, or you will get chance for abroad (Remember, Life is toooooo Long and Circumstances change a lot), u may get higher salaries. But the only thing is your interest. Otherwise you will get bore of your job one day. I am a design Engineer (Obviously you know because we are friends since last 6 years ) But i never get tired of my work because i love design job and it is a type of hobby for me. So ask your self, MAZA KIS ME ATA HE APKO? Baqi baten sham ko mil kr kren ge...

It will require two plastic hinges to develop mechanism, as it act as propped beam, and it can still redistribute moment. You are not relying on plastic strength of the structure to carry gravity loads. If , in a particular frame, your reliability/redundancy factor is less than 1, excluding the bay which contains propped beam, and your drifts are under control, then you can use a propped beam in one bay of that frame. If you can afford a non-moment resisting bay, which means your drifts are under control and your structure has adequate redundancy, then you don't have to worry about integrity of that one joint. Other joints and bays of the frame can take care of that.