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Working in Western Countries, one uses "splice couplers" or "headed bars" instead of laps to avoid congestion of reinforcement. The attachments are very useful read on such matters splice and development lengths for reinforcement - have a read. One attachment is manufacturers date, whilst the other attachment is on theoretical basis - in case you really want to get to the 'nitty-gritty' of the subject. In seismic design in most cases "tension laps" suffice. The Load Factor for seismic load is reduced to 1 (c.f 1.4 or 1.6 used in ultimate state normal design), the detailing is carried out to include load reversal scenarios, so the tension lap-work ok....some people multiply tension leaps by 1.4. Check yield stress of reinforcement, ductility properties, confining reinforcement (links or stirrups at closer spacing at laps, staggering laps, and so on. Pakistan Structural Engineers need a definitive "Concrete Buildings Reinforcement Detailing Manual for Pakistan" - following your post, I have asked someone to compile one ... one issue is lack of transparency from reinforcement manufacturers in Pakistan - We will get all data from 4 companies and compile one, will post "the manual" publicly on this Forum in due course - Insha'Allah within 3-months! (Note the data will be in metric units: mm, m, N/mm2 etc, so you need to get use to using metric units). If someone has "reinforcement data" or "tables" they currently use for concrete structures detailing in Pakistan, and are happy to share it, then please email them to me. Look forward to all contributions :-) - , sharing is caring about the profession in PK? SDH2_Chapter 10-Reinforced concrete structures.pdf US_Dayton-Concrete-Accessories-Rebar-Splicing-Handbook-1727463.pdf