jammer3425

joint shear ratio exceeds limit

beam/column capacity rati exceed limit

reinforcing required exceeds max allowed

whereas the building is single storeyed and the column failed is 12 x 26

unable to attach model

site not allowing how can i

the great secret of power is never to do more than you can accompolish

Altough it is a bending schem but the reinforcement should be placed at that location of joggle. these steel bars should run through at the location of joggle because if we provide joggle at any location in slab the thickness of the slab reduces and consequently effecting its effective depth.

you er right but in this way we are making a trade for a thing which is not there for a thing which is there i.e. reducing slab thickness at one point but at the same time incresing steel so what about economy?

Interesting to know

30 m of marine clay sits at a depth of 10 m below the surface of the tower’s foundations known as Leaning Bell Tower at Pisa, Italy

@jammer sir what is the permissible settlement for foundations for different cases?why lean converts into powder under load?(if no other cases chemical or non-standard materials)

please refer

Settlement in foundation 2009 Handout.pdf

or levelled backfill coefficient of active eart pressure is given by

Ka=(1-sin Ø)/(1 +sin Ø)= tan² (45-Ø/2)

where

Ø is angle of internal friction

for inclined backfill coefficient of active earth pressure is given by

Ka= cos θ (cosθ -√(cos²θ – cos²Ø))/(cosθ +(√(cos²θ – cos²Ø))

where θ is the slope angle of backfill

i have doubt here that lean is converted into fine powder and place of lean is taken by foundation, it is right that is doesn't take any part in strength as its purpose is to keep the trenches safe from rain water and protecting foundation from soil, but if after a certain time it totally disappears into fine powder then there must be some reasonable settlement.

the case is while designing we also consider factors like permissible settlement and secondly lean is poured after leveling the sfc properly beneth the lean and top sfc of lean is also leveled b4 foundation concrete. so even if it converets to powder it will do so uniformly as the thickness of lean is also kept constant.

if i put a slab beneath a slab and by assigning it soil support means to reduce the soil pressure under that area...you can chk it by simply putting two slabs over each other...and here in some design offices people use 4 in thk lean beneath foundation in SAFE and it reduces the soil pressure but they are keep on doing this i argue this matter with different peoples but they think they are doing it right....

dear member lean beneath is provided to have a uniform lvl surface if you examine the condition of lean after years especially when you demolish any old building you will discover that the lean that you poured is not there it is converted to fine powder and the foundtion poured took the place so there is no role of lean towards adding strength. I practically saw this phenomenon myself. But couldnt conclude then why we use different thicknesses of lean

well i dont believe SAFE gives wrong results as compared with manual calculations.. and here im talking about SAFE 12

But you have to consider following things:-

1) check the load size for perimeter calculation

2) apply the correct parameter for location of column...For example if it is interior column , select the point goto Design>Punhcing Overwrites and make it interior

3) Make correct cover settings. Goto Design> Design Preferences and put the correct cover and bar size

4) Make sure you are familiar with the load combos for which you will design your structure or punching

After analysis, right click on the point of column you will see detailed calculations for punching and the governing combination. Make sure SAFE 12 is calculating the effective depth and the perimeter correct which will surely be correct if you follow above steps. You can also check punching calculations of other non governing combinations.

now in foundation if we have a column that is interioir column of the bldgn and on that particular slab it is exterior so do we have to make that building reference or that slab/footing

gud

yar an engineer is a perfect engineer if he as command at site as well as design. Site is an importnt aspect of engineer life without site experience an engineer wiil never understand the problems that are faced at the site moreover an engineer with a degree is useless at site if he cannot design the thing what he is executing. secondly a design engineer should be a practical design engineer and tell you what a person has more value in the field if he also knows how to design because then no jack and jill can challenge him that he is doing wrong because he will be knowing the structural aspects and behaviour of the thing he is executing that we study in our degree as per well defined acceptable codes and practice. Working at site broadens your mind and you clearly understand what you are designing. there is a difference between plotting a line for a beam on paper and executing a beam on field the point is that your perspective should be crystal clear and regarding difference sir baz is rt the question can be asked what is a difference between a diploma site engineer and degree site engineer. A degree holder must knw what he is doing to mark a line if you dnt knw this then you have wasted your sixteen years. I must also tell you one more thing that a good designer can never manage a good site and a good field engineer can never be a good designer and once you merge up both qualities into one then that is called an engineer and a true engineer is rare to find out but its not difficult to become one though it takes time. And time is all that we dont give. And a good engineer is a good consultant and can be relied on to take advice.

just need as a reference to design

any one having the soft copy of this

making enemies is much much easier than making friends and its difficult to recognize enemy if is your friend.

I just presented an explanation to the use of computing techniques if somebody has taken it the other way round then read my post again which support in favour of being faster in the present world by use of computing techniques rather then being slower with the manual calculations and why i said k duniya jeenay nhn daiti because a person with good computing techniques is more prefferable to any organization then a person with clear concepts a person with good GPA is far far better than the one trying to clear concepts for which i said k look behinf and see how many have we left behind and thanx for the reminder i forgot the language of the forum is english for which i appologise to moderators and others concerened

and waqar please check what total station is required for and what features it got

try not to deviate from the topic i hope you are quite capable to understand that

anyway for instace if you are at a place where you dnt knw about qibla and you want to offer prayer just consider you are facing qibla and offer Allah is rehman and raheem he will accept your prayers

and if you want to construct somethng then a team of surveyors is hired which not only give you the exact property lines in which you have to construct but also give you direction of North south east and west in thier contours plans and you can ask them verbally too

surveyors play a key role in playing with dimensions especially on large mega projects where you cannot proceed your construction until you get your levels and locations checked form the consultant surveyor

total station ko is say farq nhn parta k hum kahan kharay hain ager sb kch khud he kerna hai toh itna mehnga t station kyun khareeda coming bak to the topic wc hill pay lagan hai ya ghar mai the question was arised from the design and direction of wc

AMAZING SO HOW MANY OF YOU ARE READY FOR THIS

barking dogs seldom bite lolz

HAHAHA FWO KO ABHI TM JANTAY NHN UN KO JAM KERNAY SAY PEHLAY WO APKO JAM KER DAITAY HAIN LOLZ

SIMPLE YAR QIBLA DIRECTION IS USUALLY PLUS MINUS WHERE THE SUN SETS OR DISCOVER IT FROM LOCALS OF THAT AREA OR THIRD A PROPER AND MOST ACCURATE WAY IS THE USE OF TOTAL STATION BY SURVEYORS TO DETERMINE THE DIRECTION OF QIBLA AND FOURTH THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IS THAT ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING HAVE DIRECTION INDICATOR SHOWING QIBLA DIRECTION IN PROPERLY PREPARED SUBMISSION DRAWINGS. HAVE A LOOK AT THAT

AND REMEMBER IF YOU FIND SUCH THIND DONT CHANGE THE SETTINGS OF THE PLAN ASK THE ARCHITECT RESPONSIBLE TO DO SO BECAUSE LOCATION OF FITTINGS IN THE BATHROOMS IS GIVEN DUE IMPOTANCE BY THE ARCHITECTS WHILE DESIGNING AS CIRCULATION AREA FOR INDIVIDUAL IS LIMTED SO IT HAS TO BE DESIGNED WELL AND ALOT OF OTHER REASONS.

uffffff khudaya kia banay ga

A sheet is never fixed for one component dear the sheet is used as universal tool in my point of view

Its my theory and i hope I am correct dear

or Cananyone tell what are these notations stand for