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What about expansion and contraction joints?

W/S Yes i did. 220 ft construction joint only

Assalam u alaikum, Please answer my following questions related to cantilever retaining wall. 1. Have you ever designed a cantilever retaining wall? 2. How much was the running length? 3. What type of joints did you provide and at what spacing? Thanks.

Assalaam o Alliakum everyone, I was wondering if someone could refer me some guide/learning material/book/video tutorials to design building by applying response spectrum analysis in ETABS. I am designing a building with extreme torsional irregularity. Seismic Design Category is D and T<3.5T_s so ELF can't be used. I have to apply some dynamic analysis. I know basics of RSA but I want a step-by-step guide to design structure using RSA in ETABs. Any help would be appreciated.

Is it not a standard practice in Pakistani Design Offices to use only earthquake forces for the calculation of drift? "Standard practice in the company" don't justify it as standard practice in Pakistani companies is to use EQ only?

I'm designing a G+5 building which is situated in Lahore. For it's seismic design, the seismic design category is coming out to be D. Is it okay?

Is there any book/resource that has a complete design of a RC building using ACI code?

Hello everyone, I am redesigning an existing car parking shed for pad foundation design. I have modeled it in SAP2000. Joint reactions are contraditory to the presumed load distribution. There should be vertical reactions i.e. Fz as the shed is overhang. However, the reaction Fz in one column is in upward direction whereas in other column is in downward direction. Can anyone here help with reviewing the model and offer the comments what I am missing here. Thanks in advance. Car Parking Shed Model SAP2000 v7 final dated 2-5-24.sdb

Dear Muneeb When I design this beam as simply supported beam it gives large value for shear. Any advice on how to design/model this properly Thanks Tristan

Moreover, what this lateral bracing option do? How to remove lateral bracing and when to apply lateral bracing?

I am modeling some roof beams in SAP 2000. I wanted to know if I can assign lateral bracing to the top flange at the points where purlins are been attached to roof beam present in Design > Lateral Bracing option in SAP 2000? If not, why?

While designing a high-rise structure, I encountered an issue. The client requested the slabs to be designed as post-tensioned flat slabs. However, I am aware that flat slabs are not suitable for seismic-resistant design and should not be used in high seismic zones. Unfortunately, I couldn't find any direct clauses in the codes addressing this issue. If seniors can provide a reference from the code specifying not to design post-tensioned flat slabs in high seismic zones, it would be greatly appreciated.

Very informative post. I like the way you talked about ehsaas rashan program and their benefits for Modern Steel Design

Here is a link. Hope it help https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/seismic-behavior-comparison-infill-wall-strut-models-using-hasılcıo/ or You can use FEMA-356 chapter 7, section 7.5 for linear and nonlinear modelling of infill walls.

Thank you for your valuable feedback. I have checked all the files in that attachment and they used strut to show masonry wall properties. It was helpful but I have to assigned a Multi-linear plastic link element to strut for better NL analysis. and Now I am confused for defining some parameters in the ML plastic link element.

I know that. I was trying to find a book with field examples on how to transfer loads from slabs to beams and walls (if load bearing) and then to footing.

You can find design of spread footings examples in typical concrete handbooks, like Nilson or Macgregor.

Atif, Please see this thread:

In this case, for lateral load resisting system, the system will work as braced frame since braced frame stiffness >> moment frame. The reason why you can’t find an example is that moment frame when provided with braced frame is just adding extra cost - it’s not needed and totally redundant.

Hello I am working of macro modeling in sap2000. I have to model a masonary walls in sap2000 by link elememt method approach . I have to draw the ML plastic and Elastic link but I am confused in some parameters .How can I define the force -displacement for the skeleton curve and what should be the parameters for hystersis ?

Yes, you can. In that case, it will be either a Dual System if the produced lateral load resisting system is enlisted in your lateral load resisting systems table, or it may be a "Combination of two different framing systems" in the same direction. For the 1st case, your table will say whether it is permitted in your seismic zone or SDC and up to which height it is permitted, and for the other type both the framing systems shall be permitted separately in the table. For the latter case, you have to use the lowest R value and the corresponding Cd and Omega value for that lowest R. If your case is not seismic, only wind and if you want to use cross bracing to lower your structure sway, in that case there seems to be no problem. Which code r u using?

This warning is occuring after analysing the footing in SAFE software 2020. can anyone tell me how to overcome this! it would be of great help. *Warning: Check meshing, At area 4 ( 2.61% Increment)*

Can we provide cross bracing in a moment resisting frame? Why can't I find any example?

Hi to all,I am wondering how to design concrete beam which support shear wall loaded by earthquake. According to capacity design I have to protect the beam from collapse and avoid plastic hinges formed in the beam.Okay, but which reduction factor should I use to calculate earthquake force. Can I consider small reductions of or should I design a beam based on fully elastic earthquake forces?Thank you for any toughts.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم I provided the book in three formats for easy access in the Google Drive links below The Full Book in a Single File: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gSew3TaAPpEku3tW9fcC4QJ72PaVXBao/view?usp=sharing Separate Book Chapters Files: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1tueeYgieZx8zWMsmp3g1enoqPyna6Bp8?usp=sharing Separate Book Subtopic Files: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1ljDq3oRMWCaEz2x-QB5kVNB8GB32d0ke?usp=sharing Here is another link in Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/full-book-concrete-design-dr.-wael-hassan-2023 Preface I have been occupied for long time with the idea of writing a professional textbook on the design of concrete structures that presents this challenging subject in a simplified way, yet technically rigorous, accessible to most civil engineering students, even those not to specialize as structural engineers. I had intended that the book reflects my expertise in structural engineering, specifically concrete design, spanning more than 20 years of professional practice, research, and teaching. With that in mind, I developed over the years sets of lecture notes on reinforced concrete design that I used in various academic roles from teaching assistant to associate professor to teach undergraduate students in higher education institutions in the Middle East and North America This “book” is intended as a humble contribution in the field of structural design of reinforced concrete to make it more approachable, handy, and useful to undergraduate students and practicing structural engineers. It represents my set of lecture notes on concrete design developed over the period of eight years. However, most of the material presented, especially on the analysis and systems, can be useful in concrete design using any building code, with proper modifications according to local codes, since the theoretical basis used is common in many aspects among various codes My intent was to wait until I rewrite these lecture notes, with additional formal discussions, in a formal textbook format and assign a publisher to edit and disseminate that textbook professionally. However, given the substantial size of the material and my current academic and professional commitments, this project can take a few more years to be completed in the presentable way I envisioned. I felt guilty to hold back this knowledge further until formal publication although it can help many students and engineers until then, thus I am presenting these lecture notes as is with my handwriting and manual drawings in this “book,” with the intent of revising, upgrading and publishing it professionally in the future. Please refer to the remark in the Introduction chapter for details about the consistency of this book with the latest version of the Egyptian Code ECP 203-2020. The material in its current format is generally self-contained and it helped thousands of civil engineering students and practicing engineers learn concrete design successfully. I retain my publishing rights of this material for the sole intention of publishing the textbook in a more formal manner in the future; however, I grant the right to any individual to use the book for academic and educational purposes or professional design purposes without my permission. I further grant the right to any individual to post this material as is on the Internet and to distribute as is electronically or in print. The only restriction is to reproduce the material in part or whole in a different format without proper citation to use for commercial purposes without permission. Wael M. Hassan, Ph.D., P.E., S.E., F.ACI, F.ASCE, F.SEI Associate Professor of Structural Engineering TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CHAPTER 1: Introduction Overview Organization of the "Book" CHAPTER 2: Design of Reinforced Concrete Beams Loads on RC Beams Loads on RC Beams Solved Problems Straining Actions/Internal Forces of RC Beams Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete Design/Stages of Concrete Cracking Ultimate Limit State Design Method Ultimate Limit State Design Solved Problems Flexural Design of RC Beams Flexural Design of RC Beams Solved Problems Design of Continuous Beams Shear Design of Concrete Beams Torsion Design of RC Beams Serviceability Limit States I: Deflection Calculations Serviceability Limit States II: Crack Control Shear Friction Design Design of Short Cantilevers Design of Deep Beams Problems on RC Beam Design CHAPTER 3: Design of Reinforced Concrete Slabs Design of RC Solid Slab and Beam System RC Solid Slab Design Solved Problems RC Paneled Beam System RC Paneled Beams Solved Problems Design of Hollow Block Slab Systems Hollow Block Slabs: Commentary for Students Solved Problems on Hollow Block Slabs Design of RC Flat Plate and Flat Slab Systems Solved Problems on RC Flat Slabs Design of RC Stairs RC Stairs Reinforcement Details and Solved Problems Sample Exam Problems on RC Stairs Sample Exam Problems and Ideas on Floor Slabs Summary Notes on RC Slab Design and Exam Problems Unsolved Practice Problems on RC Slabs CHAPTER 4: Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns RC Column Design Column Design Example Column Design Summary and Commentary for Students Eccentric Section Design Eccentric Section Commentary for Students RC Columns Design Tips RC Columns Problems CHAPTER 5: Foundation Design Design of Isolated Footings Solved Problems on Isolated Footing Design CHAPTER 6: Design of Reinforced Concrete Frames Reinforced Concrete Frames Design Reinforced Concrete Frames Solved Problems and Exams Sample Practice Problems CHAPTER 7: Design of Reinforced Concrete Halls Design of RC Halls: North Light Roof Systems Commentary for Students on RC Hall Design CHAPTER 8: Design of Concrete Tanks and Water Structures Crack Control of Concrete Structures Solved Problems on RC Crack Control Design of Rectangular RC Tanks Design of Circular RC Tanks Design of RC Tanks Rested on Soil Solved Problems on RC Tank Design Practice Problems CHAPTER 9: Design of RC Buildings for Lateral Loads Design for Lateral Loads CHAPTER 10: Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures Prestressed Concrete Design Prestressed Concrete Losses Prestressed Concrete Anchorage CHAPTER 11: Design of Repair and Retrofit of RC Structures Cracks in RC Structures Concrete Structures Assessment Tests Repair and Retrofit of Concrete Slabs Repair and Retrofit of Concrete Beams Repair and Retrofit of Concrete Columns أهدي هذا العمل الي أحبائي طلاب الهندسة المدنية والانشائية والمعمارية وهندسة التشييد وزملائي المهندسين و كذلك أساتذة الهندسة الانشائية بالجامعات. أسأل الله أن ينفع به ويجعله خالصا لوجهه. ولا تبخلوا في الدعاء لي ان وجدتم فائدة في هذا الكتاب. الكتاب يشمل جميع موضوعات تصميم الخرسانة المسلحة بطريقة ميسطة بدءا من الأحمال والنظم الانشائية حتي الأساسات وتدعيم المنشات في أكثر من 2000 صفحة. لقد شغلتني منذ فترة طويلة فكرة تـأليف كتاب دراسي احترافي في تصميم المنشآت الخرسانية بطريقة مبسطة، ولكنها محكمة من الناحية الفنية، مما يجعل المادة في متناول معظم طلاب الهندسة المدنية، حتى أولئك الذين لا ينوون التخصص في الهندسة الإنشائية. كنت أنوي أن يعكس الكتاب خبرتي في الهندسة الإنشائية، وتحديدًا تصميم الخرسانة الإنشائية، والتي تمتد لأكثر من 20 عامًا من الممارسة المهنية والبحث والتدريس. ومن هذا المنطلق، قمت على مر السنين بتأليف وتطوير مجموعتين من المحاضرات في تصميم الخرسانة المسلحة، استخدمتهما لتدريس الطلاب في جامعات الشرق الأوسط وأمريكا على مدار تاريخي الأكاديمي منذ درجة مساعد تدريس حتى أستاذ مشارك في الهندسة الإنشائية. يهدف هذا "الكتاب" إلى تقديم مساهمة متواضعة في مجال التصميم الإنشائي للخرسانة المسلحة لجعله أكثر سهولة وتناولا وفائدة للطلاب الجامعيين والمهندسين الإنشائيين. والكتاب يمثل مجموعة محاضراتي في التصميم الخرساني ، والتي طورتها على مدار ثمان سنوات. معظم المادة المقدمة، وخاصة فيما يتعلق بالأنظمة الإنشائية والتحليل، يمكن أن تكون مفيدة في التصميم الخرساني باستخدام أي كود بناء، مع التعديلات المناسبة حسب الكود المحلي، حيث أن الأساس النظري المستخدم مشترك في العديد من الجوانب بين مختلف الأكواد المعتمدة. وقد كنت أنوي الانتظار حتى أعيد كتابة هذه المحاضرات وأحدثها، مع إثرائها بمناقشات ومواد توضيحية إضافية، في نسق كتاب احترافي واختيار ناشر لتحرير ذلك الكتاب ونشره بشكل جذاب. ولكن هذا المشروع، ونظرًا لضخامة حجم المادة والتزاماتي الأكاديمية والمهنية الحالية، قد يستغرق بضع سنوات أخرى حتى يكتمل بالطريقة التي تصورتها. ولذلك فقد شعرت بالذنب لتأخير نشر هذا العلم حتى ييسر الله النشر الرسمي رغم أنه يمكن أن يساعد العديد من الطلاب والمهندسين حتى ذلك الحين، وبالتالي فإنني أقدم هذه المحاضرات كما هي بخط يدي ورسومي التوضيحية اليدوية في هذا "الكتاب"، مع نيتي مراجعتها وتحديثها ونشرها بشكل احترافي في المستقبل إن شاء الله. وقد ساعدت هذه المحاضرات على مدار السنوات آلافا من طلاب الهندسة المدنية والمهندسين الممارسين على تعلم تصميم الخرسانة الإنشائية بنجاح. يرجى العلم بأنني أحتفظ بحقوق نشر هذه المادة لغرض وحيد هو نشر الكتاب بطريقة أكثر رسمية في المستقبل؛ ومع ذلك، فأنا أمنح الحق لأي فرد في استخدام الكتاب للأغراض الأكاديمية والتعليمية أو لأغراض التصميم الاحترافي دون إذني. كما أمنح الحق لأي فرد في نشر هذه المادة كما هي على الإنترنت وتوزيعها كما هي إلكترونيًا أو مطبوعة. لكن القيد الوحيد على الاستخدام هو إعادة إنتاج المادة جزئيًا أو كليًا بتنسيق مختلف دون الاقتباس المناسب لاستخدامها لأغراض تجارية دون إذن. دكتور مهندس: وائل حسن أستاذ مشارك في الهندسة الإنشائية Book Sharing_2.pdf