Leaderboard

Please refer to Section 16-15 of Foundation Analysis and Design by Bowles. You can keep subgrade reaction constant or vary depending on the type of material. Subgrade reaction values will be different for sand and clay. Sandy material will have higher values. Also the values will depend on strength of sand and clay materials. You may also like to review the method developed by Lymon C Reese for the analysis of laterally loaded piles. Please refer to Single Piles and Pile Groups Under Lateral Loading by Lymon C Reese and Van Impe. There is a program LPile based on the method developed by Lymon C Reese

if both beam have same stiffness (same size , same strength) , same span and same loading than , then there will be no secondary beam , both of them will act as primary beam . this system is called grillage system